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Hawzi was popular between the wars, and the biggest stars were female singers like Cheikha Tetma, Fadila D'zirya and Myriam Fekkai. The Arabs of Oran were known for al-andalous, a classical style of music imported from Southern Spain after 1492. These two quarters were the centers for musical innovation, and the French inhabitants of the city went to the Jewish and Spanish areas for music. Sidi el Houari was home to Spanish fishermen, many refugees from Spain who arrived after 1939. By independence in 1962, the Jewish quarter (known as the Derb), was home to popular musicians like Reinette L'Oranaise, Saoud L'Oranais and Larbi Bensari. In the early 20th century, Oran was divided into Jewish, French, Spanish, and Arab quarters. Oran, a seaport in Western Algeria, was invaded by the Spanish centuries ago Spanish troops kept women there to entertain the troops, and the city has retained a reputation for hedonism ever since. Rai's lyrics song speak to a new nationalistic identity that encourages the union of contemporary and traditional ideals. Rai music mixes with hip hop, reggae, funk, blues and with North African beats and rhythms. Regional, secular, and religious drum patterns, melodies, and instruments were blended with Western electric instrumentation. It became popular among young people who sought to modernize the traditional Islamic values and attitudes. Rai is a popular music style that originated in Algeria 1930s. Pop raï's reputation as a racy type of music has also influenced a fusion between raï and rock as well as several other "up and coming" styles. Raï is also popular for taking traditional sounds of the Middle East and "updating" them. Much like today's rap stars and hip-hop artists, they sang about the current issues around them which was indeed revolutionary for their time. "Arab Noise and Ramadan Nights: Rai, Rap, and Franco-Maghrebi Identities." Diaspora 3:1 (1994): 3- 39. Gross, Joan, David McMurray, and Ted Swedenburg. These ranged from disease to the policing of European colonies. Raï musicians as early as the 1930s were singing about social issues which affected native populations. Traditionally sung by men, at the turn of the 20th century, female singers became common. The tradition arose in cities like Oran and elsewhere in Tlemcen, primarily among the poor. Singers of raï are called "cheb" ("shabb", young) as opposed to sheikh (" shaykh", old), the name given to Chaabi singers.
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"Raï" literally means "opinion" but is colloquially used as an interjection along the lines of "oh, yeah!" راي) is a form of folk music, originated in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds, mixed with Spanish, French, African and Arabic musical forms, which dates back to the 1930s and has been primarily evolved by women in the culture. Subgenres= Bedoui citadinisé - Lover's raï - Pop raï - Raï rock Popularity=Much in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia sporadic elsewhere, especially France and India Instruments= Gaspa, guellal (traditional) drum machine, synthesizer, sequencer (modern) Stylistic_origins=Spanish, French, and Arab music, including al-andalus, zendani and melhunĬultural_origins=Late 19th century Oran, Algeria